Wtnessea.

No.
G. EASTMAN.
CAMERA.
Patented Sept. 4 1888

(No Model.) 3 Sheets—Sheet 3.
G. EASTMA.N.
CAMERA.
No. . Patented Sept. 4 1888.
DP;'-teaaes.
Sxven-0e r.
UNITED STATES PATENT O'C E ICE2
GEORGE EASTMAN OF ROCHESTER NEW YORK.
CAMERA.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. dated September 4 3888.
Application tiled Mar eh 50 1º£8 3orirS Ito 8(5301 (No model.)
operating devices are supported is formed to fit snugly within the tube A the cover C' over-lapping or otherwise cooperating with the 55 end of the box A. to form alight tight connection so that when said roller - holder is inserted and held within the end of the box the sensitized film or plate wilt be entirely protected from light in rear and at the sides and 6o will only be exposed to light entering through the perforation b in block or diaphragm B.
The block or end piece L' is designed not only to close the front end of ease A and protect the sensitized plate oriilm bnt also to re- 65 eeive and encompass the lens holder and shuti proved form construction and arrangement tar; and to this end said block whether formed
of parts constituting the case or body thelens- i inone two o r more sections is provided witha
support and shutter and the film- holder to- 1 chamber or recess b' and coincident openings
gether with the various combinations of such b. In the illustration given the block B is 70 formed in two sections the rear section or that one permanently seemed within the case A being provided with a rectangular or other shaped recess 7E into which the frontsection enters and fitssnugly the recess or chamber b' 75 for the reception of the lens-support and shut-ter being formed in the proximate surfaces of the two sections in the rear of the walls of recess b'` so that light will be entirely excluded from the interior of the ease and fromtheeham- So her b' with the exception of such as may be permitted to enter through openings b. To render the exclusion of light more certain the front section is attached to the cap or cover B' the latter making contact with the front face 85 of the rear section and entering the mouth or front end of ease A. The principal object and function of this construction is to furnish a convenient light tight end piece for the camera-box and a receptacle for the lens and shut- go ter--one which will furnish ample snpport for the lens and shatter mechanism and permit access to the latter when desired; hence any device or contrivance which when located in front of the camera box or tube and whether 95 composed of one two or more parts or see-Mons will furnish a light-tight easing or chamber between the apertures through which light is admitted to the interior of the camera through the lens. Any contrivance possess- too ing these capacities and functions wilt be the equivalent of the block B in its generic relation to the lens-support and shutter meehaoand the sides of said holder upon which the ism about to be described.
To all whom iG roof concern:
Be it known that I GEOJiGE EASTMAN of
Rochester in the county of Monroe and State
of New York have invented certain new and
5 useful Improvements in Cameras; and I do
hereby declare the following to he a full clear
and exact description of the same reference
being had to the accompanying drawings form-
ing a part of this specification and to the 5g-
To ores and letters of reference marked thereon.
This invention relates more particularly to
improvements in thatclassof photographic ap-
parat us known as "detective cameras;" and
said invention consists in the novel and iur-
instrumentalities as are hereinafter described 20 and set forth in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings wherein I have illustrated one embodiment of my present improvements figure 1 is a view in perspective of the complete instrument. Fig. 2 is
25 a side and Fig. 3 a top view of the camera the side and top of the box being removed to disclose the interior arrangement. Fig. 4 is a front view with cap or end of box removed. Fig. 5 is a view in perspective of the lens-
30 holder and shatter. Pig. 6 is a view in perspective of the tens-holder and shutter several of the parts being detached. Figs. 7 8 9 and 1 10 are vie s in perspective of the roller holder looking from opposite sides. Fig. 11 is a de-
35 tail view illustrating the manner of mounting and supporting the spool.
Similar letters of reference in the several figures indicate the same parts.
The letter A designates the camera box or
40 case preferably constructed in the form of a rectangular tube at or near one end of which is fastened a block B recessed for the reception or accommodation of the lens-holder and. shutter and perforated as at b. In this block
45 B or between it and the end piece or cover B' is located the lens and shutter mechanism and in rear of said block is located the roller-holder C the latter being inserted within and closing the rear end of the box or tube A.
The roller-holder C is secured to or formed
integral with the rear cap plate or cover C'

The lens-support and shutter mechanism of the lens the openings s moving in a plane employed although specially adapted for use t intersecting the axis of the lens on opposite iu connection with this camera illustrates one faces thereof to which end said cylinder is
of the many forms or embodiments of my in- journaled at one or preferably both ends 70 vention—that is to say it illustrates a new upon the posts 1' of the lens support so that type rather than anew species of an old type— it has a motion about said posts and around its principal distinguishing feature being a the lens supported between them and at each lens mounted or held within a chamber—such half-revolution of the cylinder the openings s as b'—iu front of the exposing-chamber and a will be caused toapproach and cross the open- 75
to cylindrical case or shutter provided with coin- ing or axis of the Iens at opposite ends and eldest slots or openings on opposite sides said from opposite sides or edges.
case or shutter being rotated or reciprocated It is of course desirable that some compeintermil tingly to cause the slots or openings tent means be provided forTholding and aetutherein to pass across the opposite ends or sting the cylindrical shutter. A mechanism So
15 faces of the lens the solid opaque portions or of this character is shown comprising a motor body of the shutter standing normally and mechanism for impelling or moving the shut-when at rest across both faces of the lens and ter and a stop and release mechanism. between the exposing-aperture and the plate The motor mechanism eonsissof a ratchet-
or film within the camera. wheel 5 rotating loosely upon the pin 1' at- 85
ac Suitable devices are to be employed for re- tacked to one head of the cylinder S and conciprocating or intermittingly rotating the cy- neeted to the latter by a spring 7 inclosed lindrical shutter and for holding it at rest.
Referring to the preferred form or embodi-
ment ofthcprineiple as illustrated inthedraw-
within the end of the cylinder S and between it and the wheel 5. A ratchet-and-pawl con-
nection S between the wheel 5 and pin 1' per- g() 25 lugs S represents the cylindrical shutter L snits the said wheel to rotate freely in a three-
the lens and 11 the lens-support the latter tion to wind up the spring 7 but prevents a
also constituting the support for the shutter retrograde movement.
and its actuating mechanism as will herein- ! On the pin l' between the head t' and wheel after appear. 5 is mounted a drum or pulley 9 carrying a 95
3o The lens support with its attachments is I spring pawl 10 for engaging the teeth on located within the recess or chamber b' in wheel 5 to rotate the latter in a direction to block B; and in order that the whole of said mechanism may be readily inserted or re-moved and at the same time avoid all danger
35 of possible leakage of light it is seated and drum so that by alternately puffing upon stud held in position within the chamber b' be- cord the drum will be reciprocated upon its tween the fixed and removable sections of the axis and through the ratchet-connection the block B. To this end the lens-support proper wheel 5 will be rotated to wind up the spring consisting of a frame or plate 1 in which the - 7 one end of which is secured to the shutter E05
40 lens L is detachably secured is mounted upon or provided with posts 1' at opposite ends these posts being formed or provided at or near their outer extremities with beads l' l' of cylindrical or other shape adapted to fit
45 the interior of chamber b' on opposite sides of the opening b.
For convenience of manufacture and simplicity of construction the head 1' is formed with a collar or socket l' in which the post
5o 1' of the lens-support is secured by a pin or screw t' while the head 1' at the opposite end is removably attached to its post 1' by a screw or pin P. The head P is also formed or provided with a cross-piece or shoulder 1'
55 which engages with a shoulder or abutment
within the chamber b'--such as the shoulder f i Above the plate 20 and mounted upon a on the two sections of block B—the purpose of transverse pin or pivot is a latch 23 the lower said shoulder l' and a similar shoulder 1º on edge on opposite sides of the pivot being in-the opposite head P being to sustain the lens-
6o support in position and prevent rotation.
The shutter consists of a hollow cylinder S provided with coincident openings s and pref. erably closed at both ends.
The lens is supported within this cylinder
65 S and the latter is mounted to rotate or re-
ciprocate about an axis transverse to the axis
wind up the spring 7 a spring 11 serving to retract said drum 9. A cord or other flexible connection 12 is attached at one end to this roo
and hence tends to rotate the latter. This constitntesthe motor mechanism the spring serving to drive or advance the shutter and the drum 9 to wind up the spring and in the improved structure shown all of said mechanism 1 ro is mounted upon the lens-support.
The winding-cord 12 is passed through a suitable orifice in the block B with a knot or knots and is manipulated from the outside of
the case- r 15
The devices for controlling the movements of the shutter also mounted upon the lens-support comprise a plate 20 formed upon or secured to one end of the hollow cylindrical shutter and provided with peripheral shoal- 120 ders 21 and surface shoulders or abutments 22.
Mined or beveled in the same direction. One r z5 mud of this latch 23 is held pressed down by a Spring 24 while a push-pin 25 passing through head l' bears upon the opposite end of the latch. The pin 25 is preferably formed with a collar fitting an enlarged recess in the 130 head l' and is held in place by a collar or thimble 26 screwed or otherwise detachably

secured in the case or box A. A spring 27 can be at once set for action as before de-attached to head t' bears against the pe- scribed.
riphery of the plate 20. It will be observed that as thus constructed 70
The operation of the controlling devices ar- and arranged not only is a simple cheap coin-
5 ranged as described is as follows: The rota- pact and withal effective and accurate shuttion of the shutter when acted upon by the ter and lens-support formed the whole con. motor devices is arrested by one of the abut- stitutiug in effect a complete article distinct meats 22 resting in contact with the beveled from its case and which is not wily complete Ira side of the latch the latter being held inplace in itself and can readily be applied with but
ro by its spring 21. When in this position the slight changes and modifications to almost any opposite end of the latch stands with its hew- form of cameras but when applied and used tiled edge above the opposite abutment 22 in the manner indicated—that Is to say when
so that when the latch is oscillated by press- located within a closed chamber at the end of 80 are upon the push-pin 23 the abutment on the camera box or case—it can be quickly in-
15 one side will ride down the beveled face of serted or removed without the aid of special the latch and the shutter be correspondingly skill can be adapted and held in position advanced before the elevated end of the latch wholly by the walls of the case or chamber reaches the abutment which is beneath it and when so applied it forms an efficient means 35 so that when the engaging end of the latch for preventing the entrance of light into the
20 passes off from the abutment on that side the exposing-chamber until such time as the shut-other abutment will have passed beyond or ter is actuated to uncover the aperture in the cleared the edge of the latch on the opposite lens.
side and the shutter impelled by its motor or The next or what may be termed the third 90 spring will be driven forward until the previ- constituent element of my improved instrn-
25 ously -engagedabutmentcomesincontactwith meat comprises a competent means for hold-the previously -elevated but now depressed ing and presenting the plate or film within end of the latch. The push-pin being released the camera box or case in position to receive and the latch permitted to resume its first pot the rays of light passing through the lens. 95 sition the abutment beneath the push-pin and As is obvious any holder competent to pet-
30 now held against the vertical face of the latch form the well - understood operation may be is released and at the same time the beveled employed for this purpose; but f prefer for thee on the opposite end of the latch is inter- obvious reasons to make use of prepared films posed in front of the other abutment a very and to this end have devised the following too slight forward movement of the shutter being improved form of roll-holder: The operating
35 permitted when it is again arrested and held mechanism of this holder C comprises a sup-until the push-pin is depressed. One edge of ply-spool c detachably mounted on support-the latch is at all times projected in the path ing pins or journals c a measuring roller c' traversed by the abutments 22 so that the furnished with suitable puncturing-pins or toy shutter can under no circumstances perform marking devices guide-rollers c' a platen or
to more than a half-revolution. It will thus he support e' for the film a winding; roller c" observed that each time the pushpin is de- provided with a detaining or film attaching pressed the shutter is permitted to make a device a tension device e' applied to the sup. half-revolution about the lens is arrested at ply-spool a. ratchet odetaining device e'. ap- Ito this point and upon removing the pressure _ plied to the winding spool and an indicator
15 from the pushpin the devices are automati- connected to or actuated by the measuring-(tally set in position to repeat the same opera- roller all as set forth and described in part or tions. The abutments 22 are so disposed rela- in whole inPatents Nos. 317 019 ;17 050 and
U vely to the openings in the shutter that when 316 933 and in my prior application Serial No. try the latter is arrested by the latch the solid or 199 329 filed April 19 1S8G.
5c opaque portions of the cylinder will stand in The improvements herein claimed relate front of or across the axis of the lens and mainly to the construction and arrangement when released as in passing from one abut- of parts whereby the holder is adapted for meat to the next the lens will be uncovered use in connection with a tubular ease—such 120 simultaneously at opposite ends and from op- as A—forming part of the camera proper.
55 posite edges. The spring 27 bearing upon The several co - operating elements are plate 20 operates as a brake to control or regu- mounted and supported wlrol 13r upon arid be-late the speed at which the cylindrical shut- twcen the two side pieces C' C' attached to a ter revolves and in conjunction with theshonl- base C' which forms or is secured to the cap
125 dens 21 it acts as a decent or stop for prevent- C' for closni g the rear end of the ease or box
6o ing a retrograde movement of the shutter. A the several attaching devices being so ar-
To provide for holding the shutter at an in- ranged and constructed as not to project be-Iermediate point so that the lens will be yond the outer surfaces of the side pieces wholly exposed radial grooves 29 are formed leaving the latter smooth dud unobstructed 130 in the face of the plate 20 to receive the edges i so that the holder can be 61 teº a ml slid within
65 of the latch so that the shutter can be retained the opening in the rear end of the lox A. Tai in position with the openings in line with the secure this resalt the plate ' c is Interposed axis of the lens and by pressing the push-pin between and secured to the side pieces at or
4
near the outer end thereof as is also the cow- fitting than such as will accommodate the ering-plate ow which serves to retain the film winding-key C" and render visible the inch-and hold the edges down upon the platen. The color and at the same time prevent access of 70 pins or journals supporting rollers c' c` pass light to the interior of the camera; for as is
5 through thesideplates their outer ends being welt understood all light except such as is flush with or standing below the outer faces transmitted through the lensmust be excluded of the side pieces. The rollers e and one end from the exposing- chamber in rear of the lens.
of the roller c' are preferably supported upon Ample provision of this nature is made by 75 the ends of pins e" screwed through the side forming two holes or openings in the case A.
to pieces while the opposite end of roller c' car- opposite the axes of the winding roller and ries a collar bearing against the inner surface spool respectively ;and when as is proposed of the side piece 0 and is supported upon a the box A is constructed of wood leather or stud o'` screwed into the end of said roller similar material thimbles &0 may be inserted so and passing through a hole in the side piece and scoured in these openings and a mark
15 the outer end of said stud being formed or pro- made on that one next the indicator.
vided with a head resting in a countersunk Having thus described my invention what
recess and bearing a marls o" which latter I claim as new is
when brought into proper relation to a fixed 1. The combination to form a camera such 85
point serves to indicate the quantity of film as described of a tubular ease or box closed
20 wound on the roller oh at one end by a detachable film-holder and at
The head for receiving and supporting the other by a block or end piece and a re.
one end of the spook and to which the tension movable shutter and lens-support held within
device c' is applied is held in place and sup- a chamber in said block or end piece. gc
ported upon a detachable pin c" passing 2. In a camera such as described the coin-
25 through the side piece and provided with bination with the box or case of a block or
a fiat head or disk c'' countersunk in the partition closing the front end and forming a
outer face of side piece while theoppo-chamber vithcoineidentopeuings a6xedlens-
site end of the spool is supported upon a pin support and rotary shutter mechanism con- qg 00 resting in a socket or bearing c" secured neeted in fixed relation and supported within
30 in position on the inner face of side piece Ch said chamber asand forthe purposes set forth. The pin ci0 is also provided with a head or 3. In a camera and in combination with a
cross-piece e'-" and a stud e1' the former se- tubular box or ease a block or diaphragm fixed cured in a countersink on the outer face of the i in position within the front end and provided too side piece and the latter adapted to be in-
35 serted or withdrawn through a notch or way c'i" in the bearing c" serving when inserted to hold the pin in place by bearing against the inner face of the socket. The pin e10 is thus held in place within its bearing by the head
40 on one side and the stud ou the other; and when it is desired to detach or insert a spool the pin can readily be withdrawn by turning it until the stud registers with the notch in the bearing. When however the holder is
45 iuserted in the camera the accidental withdrawal of the pin is prevented should the stud stand in line with the notch by the head of the pin resting and bearing against the smooth inner face of the box A.
5o The supports for the winding spool areconstructed substantially the same as those for the supply-spool with this exception how-ever that the pin corresponding to c" sup-porting the head to which the ratchet or de-
B5 taming devices are applied is provided with a central screw-threaded aperture or equivalent connecting means for the reception of the winding-key C.
The construction described is more espe-
6o dally designed foruse when the side pieces are made of wood; but constructed of metal or other material corresponding modifications might he made in the fittings without involving any material change in the invention.
65 The roller - holder as thus constructed is adapted for insertion within any tube or box A of the proper dimensions and without other
with an aperture a cap or end piece provided with an aperture and co-operating with the said block or diaphragm to form a chamber within the box or case a lens supported with-
in said chamber between the said apertures ro5 and a shutter mounted upon the lens support substantially as described.
4. The combination in a camera and with the lens of a shutter surrounding the latter and provided with coincident apertures sub- to stantially as described.
5. In a camera and in combination with the lens a shutter projected on opposite faces of the lens and provided with coincident apertures said shutter being operated to simnita- 1ri neously uncover both faces of the lens from opposite edges thereof substantially as described.
6. In a camera and in combination with a lens and its support a shutter provided with coincident apertures or spaces and intermedi- 120 ate covering-plates projected on opposite sides of the lens and devices for operating said shut-ter to alternately uncover and cover both faces of the lens simultaneously as and for the purpose set forth. 125
7. In a camera and in corn bination with the lens a double shutter embracing the lens and mounted upon a pivotal. support about which it is rotated intermittingly to uncover both faces of the lens simultaneously substantially r30 as described.
8. In combination with the lens and its fixed support a shutter embracing the lens and mounted to rotate intermittingly about the